Sunday, December 29, 2019

Boundary Law in Ontario - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2715 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Social Essay Did you like this example? Contents Boundary law in Ontario Benefits of a Mathematical Co-Ordinate based Cadastre Characteristics of Boundary Law in Other Jurisdictions References Boundary law in Ontario The word boundary means a line that cannot be crossed. This line could be a tangible one or a non-tangible one. Our world is all about boundaries. Boundaries are what keep the human race civilized and organized. (Kaufmann Steudler, 1998) There are quite a few boundaries set by the law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" discussed and adopted by the citizens or the representative of the people. The boundaries for land reservation are set for various reasons. It could be to protect people from damage during disasters or it could be to avert certain areas to be left construction free. The problem arises when the definition of a boundary varies because of the kind or the principle of the boundary it really is and refer to. The boundary law of Ontario has quite a few aspects that need to be considered before it follows the trend of a mathematical coordinate based cadaster. One of the issues, that needs reflection on is that whether it is technically plausible. Can a coordinates only structure re ally be put in place? The control monuments, datum adjustments,technical capacity, stability of the earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s crust and the accuracy[PS1]standards can be put under one umbrella. According to a report written by Dr. Brian Ballantyneon the technical, social and legal implications of using coordinates-only to define boundaries the[PS2] earlier traditional survey practices used to entail dense monumentation. Trying to reduce the chances[PS3] of errors and keeping in sight the technical limitations what happened was that there were[PS4] monuments being founded in every 200 to 800[PS5] meters in urban areas[PS6] . The hindsight of this decision was that there were severalvast provincial networks encompassing tens of thousands of points of varying degrees of accuracy[PS7]. Now with the GPS receivers in use it would seem that there would be more[PS8] clarity and better results however the it is only possible to accurately survey baselines up to 20-30[PS9] kilome ters. If the distance goes above 30 kilometers, several factors are still to consider like the satellite geometry, which must be ideal. (Four Point Learning, 2014) The report furthergoes on to say that[PS10]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a co-ordinate based cadastre, referenced to NAD83 (CSRS), could be initiated under the present configuration. Unfortunately, if there is no further densification of control monuments based in NAD83 (CSRS), the distance between monuments may preclude or limit the use of traditional survey methods[PS11].à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It is common knowledge that Canada is given in to horizontal displacement of the crust. The rate at which this displacement happens varies throughout the country. If there areboundaries marked with monuments à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" there will be a[PS12]constantdeformation over time[PS13]. There have been many studies in New Zealand on the same and most of themconclude that coordinates cannot be definitive without modeling the dynamics of both the[ PS14]cadasterand the coordinate system[PS15]. (Four Point Learning, 2014) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Boundary Law in Ontario" essay for you Create order Benefits of a Mathematical Co-Ordinate based Cadastre There are a few benefits of the mathematical co-ordinate based cadaster as well. All these well- integrated surveys do represent an intermediate conceptual step[PS16] which is present between the use of monuments and the use of coordinates-only[PS17], indeed as monumented boundaries are integrated to close tolerances within a spatial reference system[PS18]. The best part here is that the coordinates, which are derived for the locations of the monuments, can then be used as[PS19] further evidence in re-establishing the monuments[PS20]. It is also evident that integrated surveys are already the norm in many parts of many provinces, and serve to provide properly geo-referenced data for use in cadastral mapping and[PS21] prominent in land information systems[PS22]. (Elfick, 2006) It is eveident that boundaries have typically, but not always, followed a three-part process[PS23] with subsets of coming into being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" they are[PS24] in fact actually defined by the party[P S25] (which means Crown in earlier age and landowner in recent time) who has legal rights in the land; they are demarcated on the ground by a surveyor[PS26](which can be posts, pins, bars, mounds, pits); they are described on plans and maps.The use of coordinates is predicated on[PS27]removing demarcation or divisionfrom the process[PS28]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which meansthe boundary is[PS29]firstdefined and then[PS30]described. To be clear and appropriate:defining boundaries using only coordinates means that monuments are not placed in the ground to mark the boundaries[PS31]. One should accept thataccess to cadastral coordinates which are linked to an accurate, distortion-free reference frame such as NAD83 (Canada Spatial Reference System[PS32]). This system compelledto employ adjustment and measuring methodology[PS33]by surveyors. (Elfick, 2006) It is not to reduce[PS34] or lesser the importance of environmental, social or economic data in a statewide land information system, but t o suggest that from a practical point of view, the development of a broad land information system will be more politically and economically justified if designed around a juridical cadastre in the early stages. There are some[PS35]evidentcases,however, when this[PS36]areaparcel is not suitable and it must be divided into smaller units[PS37]which too forthe benefits of[PS38]public interests.This is usually for valuation, assessment, or rating (fiscal) purposes or for land use classification[PS39]. It also limits the boundary of public to certain area or parcel which ultimately create hindrances in their life. One of theprime importance is that the basis of the cadastre is land parcels; not buildings, people or any other criteria[PS40]which indeed a very goos sign and methodology. In this cadastre, every parcel of land in the state or jurisdiction must be displayed[PS41] and presented on the maps and included in the respective registers. Ideally, this would include all state owned parcels including reserves, parks, roads, and unalienated land, if applicable[PS42]. All these are dynamic in nature and are continually updated and the contents of the registers should be public, within reasonable limits. It must be available to all government authorities[PS43]. One well-known fact is Fiscal cadastres were developed[PS44] and established to raise revenue through taxation of land, whereas juridical cadastres were developed to record ownership and all other legal interests in land[PS45]. Characteristics of Boundary Law in Other Jurisdictions There are in fact characteristics of boundary law in other jurisdictions as well that do define legal boundaries by co-ordinates there and assist in receiving the required and effective responses just like boundary and survey law. In addition, yes, to certain extend all these are similar. (Ballantyne, Khan, Conyers, 1999) The cadastral surveys[PS46] or structure, which supports these activities, is often controlled by land registry personnel who either have a legal or clerical background[PS47]. Such people in facttend to have[PS48]lessknowledgeable interest in cadastral surveying and mappIng[PS49]. In some jurisdictions[PS50]we have witnessed thatthere has been a sense of mistrust and[PS51]evennon-cooperation between the government departments administering the conveyancing and subdivision process and the personnel responsible for maintaining the cadastral survey system[PS52]. The cadastral surveying system is primarily concerned with supporting a secure land registration system, which is[PS53] definitely not a cadastral mapping system. Most of the emphasis[PS54] here is concerned with maintaining a high standard for each individual[PS55], which is isolated survey. Due to the high professional and technical standards of the surveyors and lawyers in most common law jurisdictions, secure conveyancing and land registration systems have developed[PS56]. (Williamson) Whereas most land registration systems, in common law countries result in a reasonably secure system for registering and[PS57] focusing interests in land, in their present form those systems usually are not designed to support an efficient land administration system integrated between a number of departments[PS58]. In general, all these systems are concerned only with an individual dealings on individual parcels, treated in isolation from other parcels in the system[PS59]. In addition, the central theme of[PS60] all these systems is to support a land market based on the[PS61] user pays principle. It is not designed to support the broader needs of government nor the land administration system[PS62]. (Ballantyne, Khan, Conyers, 1999) To name a few, Utility authorities, local government[PS63], and other departments responsible for valuation all have a need for a cadastral base map with the associated property records. Due to the non-existence of such a system at a central government level[PS64] at first hand, the individual authorities have tended to develop their own systems. Since many of these authorities are statutory and[PS65] self-funding,they have often been in a better position to introduce modern systems, albeit designed solely for their own purposes, than central government. This has particularly been the case for many utility and local government authorities who have consequently introduced[PS66] state-of-the-art computer systems. In a sense, each authority establishes its own small cadastral system[PS67]. One distinction between most European and common law jurisdictions is that in the latter the[PS68] legislative systems to support the alienation of land, and the transferring and recording of propri etary interests in land, came before the establishment of any fiscal systems. These quasi-legal systems have always been central to land administration in common law countries. Fiscal systems have been a more recent development. They usually have a secondary role in the land administration system and often have little or no links with the legal system. They have often developed their own mapping system and their own form of parcel[PS69]. (Williamson) References Ballantyne, B., Khan, K., Conyers, T. (1999). COORDINATES IN CONTEXT:TECHNICAL, SOCIAL LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF USING COORDINATES-ONLY TO DEFINE BOUNDARIES . Ontario: Canadian Council on Geomatics . Elfick, M. (2006). Cadastaral Surveyors Time To Go Forward Digitally And Coordinate Accurately. Geodata Information Systems , 4-7. Four Point Learning. (2014). Property Records- Land Registration- Conventional Boundries. Ontario: Four Point Learning. Kaufmann, J., Steudler, D. (1998). Cadastre 2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A Vision for a Future Cadastral System. Switzerland: RÃÆ' ¼dlingen and Bern. Williamson, I. CADASTRES AND LAND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN . New South Wales: University of New South Wales . [PS1]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS2]Possible sources: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 https://www.acls-aatc.ca/en/node/261 [PS3]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS4]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS5]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS6]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS7]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS8]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS9]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS10]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS11]Possible sour ce: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS12]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS13]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS14]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS15]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS16]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS17]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS18]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS19]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS20]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS21]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS22]Possible source: https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf [PS23]Possible sources: https://hydrography. ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS24]Possible sources: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS25]Possible sources: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS26]Possible sources: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS27]Possible sources: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS28]Possible source: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf [PS29]Possible sources: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www. profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS30]Possible sources: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS31]Possible sources: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS32]Possible sources: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.acls-aatc.ca/files/english/Coordinates.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS33]Possible sources: https://hydrography.ca/assets/files/2008conference/session_2B/2B-3_Ballantyne.pdf https://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=2138 [PS34]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS35]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_Ca dCommonLaw.pdf [PS36]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS37]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS38]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS39]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS40]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS41]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS42]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS43]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS44]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS45]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.un imelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS46]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS47]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS48]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS49]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS50]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS51]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS52]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS53]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS54]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS55]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS56]Possible sources: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf https://www.legaladvice.com.au/?page=conveyancing-law-lawyers [PS57]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS58]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS59]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS60]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS61]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS62]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS63]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS64]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS65]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS66]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS67]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS68]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf [PS69]Possible source: https://csdila.ie.unimelb.edu.au/publication/journals/ipw_85_CadCommonLaw.pdf

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Essay about First Midterm - 1605 Words

SOLUTIONS Introductory Financial Accounting Midterm Exam Professor Yanfeng Xue Note: 1. You have 90 minutes to finish this exam. The total score for this exam is 100 points. Please use your time wisely. 2. Please show your work because I do give partial credit. 3. If you cannot remember the name of a particular account, do your best at guessing and at least indicate the type of the account (asset, retained earnings, etc.) 4. Good luck! Name: __________________________________________________ 1†¦show more content†¦Dracula Limo paid $6,000 on October 1st for the first two months’ service. Issued common stock of $10,000 and received cash. Paid half month of salary to employees for $2,000. Provided auto service to a client, billed the client for $3,000 to be paid by November 20th. Received utility bill of $600 for electricity usage in the month of October, although the amount won’t be due until November 15th. Paid dividend of $1,000 in cash. Required: a. Write journal entries for each accounting transaction in the space provided below (explanations for the journals are not necessary and you do not need to worry about any adjusting entries to be made at the end of October related to the transactions). 4 points each, 28 points. b. For each transaction, explain how the income statement could be affected. Specifically, what amount and under what category will be reported on the income statement. 2 points each, 14 points. 1) Cash 4,000 Sales revenue 2,000 Inventories 4,000 2,000 Cost of goods sold In the income statement, revenue is increased by 4,000 and cost of goods sold (expense) increased by 2,000. Grading notes: Students get full credit if they cannot name the cost of goods sold but call it expense. Deduct one point if instead of revenue and expense, students debit or credit retained earnings. The same applies to the rest of the exam. 2) Cash 6,000 Unearned revenue 6,000 TheShow MoreRelatedThe First Midterm Assignment During American History1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe First Midterm Assignment The late-19th century was the most prolonged time period in American history and also what the bloodiest. Many violent events occurred that gave the 19th century its name, such as, profound labor conflicts between boss and workers, the Indian wars that was an extended battle for peace and a benefit in their lifestyles, the Jim Crow law which was established to separate races throughout the city, and also the fight for the American Empires power. These were the majorRead MoreCritical Thinking Assignment On Psychological Stressor5904 Words   |  24 Pageseach day. And at the end of it, we are only left with ourselves to deal with. Yes, one can find help and solace with another, if they are lucky, but even then one is left with their own thoughts to work things out. 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Friday, December 13, 2019

Mr Alex Free Essays

Human science fragments everything In order to understand It, kills everything In order to examine It. † (Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace)l There has always existed the question whether human sciences are considered real sciences and if do they really follow the established guidelines of science. The argument is that the natural sciences take a different approach to results and have a strong dependence on the observer. We will write a custom essay sample on Mr Alex or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is due to the fact, that in some cases human sciences have to take into account concepts, which are hard to measure like peppiness or love. Likewise, the background knowledge and empathy of the observer affect the results of the experiment. When talking about human sciences is important to highlight that they don’t prove a theory, as there is no 100% certainty in any of the experiments. They only add information to the understanding of a topic or concept. To further develop my argument that states that Human sciences are scientific, the Boob Doll Experiment will be analyses to develop this claim. The Boob Doll Experiment was presented by Albert Bandeau to help prove his belief hat all human behavior was learned through copying and imitating, rather than through genetic factors. This experiment is still controversial to this day, as many debaters state that today’s globalize society that promotes violence. Therefore children are more prone to violent behavior than in other generations. Dry. Albert Bandeau used children on his experiment, as they have less knowledge on rules of society and less prone on behaving as the society think is right. He had four hypotheses; the first one was that children witnessing aggressive behavior by adults loud replicate their actions even if adults were not nearby. The second one states that children who have observed non-aggressive behavior are less likely to be violent. Even less than the control group, who have not even seen an adult. (Role Model) The third one proposes that children are more susceptible to copy the actions of an adult of the same-sex. The last one suggested that male children would be more aggressive than the opposite sex. Ii The Experiment had a simple and clearly stated Dependent Variable and Independent Variable. Also it had a Control Group used as comparison with the other woo groups, the one with aggressive and peaceful adults. Moreover the experiment can be repeated to add up and compare the information; this is a scientific quality that complies with the scientific theory. Another Important aspect to take into account Is that each of the subjects was tested Individually to avoid other Individuals affecting the reactions of the subject. Ill On the other hand, the experiment had some clear flaws. For example It generalizes the results as Just a few children were part of the experiment, so the sample is very narrow and specific. How to cite Mr Alex, Papers